Cherokee Indians Essay - 1549 Words

Cherokee Nation Before invasion of the Americans onto Cherokee territory, the Cherokee lived in peace and harmony. Keetoowah is the name of the ancient Cherokee town in the eastern homelands, said to be the â€Å"Mother Town† of the people (Conley 18). Many of the Cherokee Indians originated here according to the traditions. They referred themselves as Ani-Kituwagi, meaning Keetoowah People, or Ani-yunwi-ya, the Real People (Conley 27). The fertile lands of the Keetoowah were filled of many resources, but as the population grew too large for the town, many people had moved out and built new towns. Overtime, many towns were built one after another. Soon, there were approximately 200 scattered tribes over vast areas that consisted of a number of†¦show more content†¦It jeopardized the Cherokee’s clan traditional ways of a matrilineal family structure carried on for many centuries. Nevertheless, the Cherokees could do nothing about it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Before the first known contacts, life of the Cherokee nation had grown and thrived for many years in the southeastern United States in the lower Appalachian Mountains in states such as: Georgia, Tennessee, North and South Carolina, and parts of Kentucky and Alabama. However, the first recorded contact with outsiders was Hernado De Soto in his expedition of 1540, in search of gold throughout the Cherokee county (Martin). Mr. Soto found no trace of gold and returned empty handed. The Spanish explorers noticed the Cherokee village they encountered was practically deserted. Many of the tribes would flee from the sight of the unknown. About 100 years later, Abraham Wood, a Virginian, sent two men, James Needham and Gabriel Arthur in 1673 to establish trade (Martin). One of the traders begun to establish his home among the Cherokee Indians, which didn’t last for long before he was killed. Even though many explorers tried to establish trades, life of the trad itional Cherokee remained unchanged as late as 1710, which is marked as the beginning of Cherokee trade with the whites (Trail of Tears). The white mans influential politics came slowly through Cherokee Country, but dramatic. From the period 1540-1786, white expansion was taking place andShow MoreRelatedThe Cherokee Indians1351 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Have you ever heard of the Cherokee Indians? Sure you have! Just as a reminder, they are the biggest tribe, and most known of out of all the Indian tribes there has ever been in the southeast. They are very important to American History and helped shaped us to be the Americans we are today, which is clearly what I ll be explaining in this paper. Throughout the paper, I ll tell you everything you need to know about the Cherokee Indians and continue to relate to the thesis. What wasRead MoreCherokee Indians1591 Words   |  7 PagesCherokee Indians Alicia Stephens AIU Abstract In this paper I will discuss the history of the Cherokee Indians in the United States. First by describing the tribes pre-Columbian history to include the settlement dates and known cultural details. Then a brief description of the cultural and religious beliefs of the tribe will be given, as well as the tribe’s history after contact with settlers. Finally discussing John Ross, who he was and how he affected the Cherokee Indians. Cherokee Indians Read MoreIndian Removal Of The Cherokee Indians991 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew stronger. It was a story of hope, courage, and survival. This was the Trail of Tears. Many events led up to the Cherokee’s removal. The Indian Removal caused the Cherokee indians to move west. A man named Major Ridge struck lots of bargains with the United States. This man, Major Ridge, was one of the native sons, born in 1771, that lived in the Cherokee territory. The Cherokee’s lived in the Christians Eden because they believe their ancestors once lived in the same area. Throughout Major Ridge’sRead More The Cherokee Indians Essay975 Words   |  4 Pages The Cherokee Indians The American Indian History in the Eastern part of the country is always associated with the Cherokee Indian nation. The Cherokees were by far the largest and most advanced of the tribes when Europeans first arrived and came in contact with Native Americans. There are too many tribes to go over background on every one of them, so Im going to focus on the Cherokees since many of their ways and customs are so similar to all the other tribes in the East. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;WhenRead MoreThe Eastern Band Of Cherokee Indians1175 Words   |  5 PagesEastern Band of Cherokee Indians are indigenous of parts of the Southeastern United States. They have members all the way south as Georgia and are spread out across the Appalachian mountain trail in both North and South Carolina and stretching across into Tennessee. The land in which each tribe is from has a particular way is shaping how they live and defines the important aspects of that culture. In the Eighteenth Century the Cherokee Indians were one of the most heavily populated Indian societiesRead MoreCherokee Indians And Native American Tribes1056 Words   |  5 Pages Cherokee Indians have been around for many years, but when the topic of Native Americans is discussed it is only about the struggles and hardships they went through but never their actual culture of how and where they originated or how they came to be. There are many interesting things to learn about Cherokee Indians such as their heritage, religion, language, and their traditional songs, dances, and food. The Cherokee people have been identified as one of the most socially and culturallyRead MoreMy Tribe : The Cherokee Indians1206 Words   |  5 PagesMy tribe the Cherokee Indians lived in Nashville, Tennessee in 1838 (Perdue). It is from this area that I was forced from my home along with my family. The white man known as the government were the ones forcing my tribe from our sacred land. The white man marched my family and tribe by foot from Tennessee to Oklahoma. On this march many of my people died. The pain I faced along with the other thousands of my people is the reason many Indians call the march from Tennessee to Oklahoma the TrailRead MoreEssay about Cherokee Indians2179 Words   |  9 PagesCherokee Indians The Cherokee Indians were one of the civilized tribes in the United States. They were located in the southeastern part of the U.S. This includes the western parts of North and South Carolina, The northern parts of Alabama and Georgia, Southwest Virginia and the Cumberland basin of Tennessee. It appears the Cherokee settled in 1000 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Their development took place in two stages or phases. The Pisgah which took place 1300 A.D. to 1540 A.D. and the Qualla which tookRead MoreWho Are The Cherokee Indians?2515 Words   |  11 Pagesare the Cherokee Indians? Rachel Prevatt and Page Vue University of North Georgia Authors Note This paper was prepared for HSDA 3110, taught by Dr. McDaniel. Abstract In history classes, students are taught about the Cherokee Indians, who they were and what happened to them. The Indian Removal Act forced the Cherokee Indians to relocate to another location because European settlers wanted their land. What followed was the Trail of Tears, it was a gruesome journey that the Cherokee Indians had toRead More The United States And The Cherokee Indians Essay2408 Words   |  10 PagesThe United States and the Cherokee Indians The debate over the legality of sovereignty and acquired lands from the native Americans, specifically the Cherokee, has long been debated. The issues involved have included treaties, land sold, and the right of the Government to physically enforce their rules on Indian land quot;sovereigntyquot;. This paper will examine the strategy used by the Federal Governments, the State Governments as well as those of the Cherokee Indians. The three-way relationship

Nitric Acid Free Essays

Nitric acid is a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in making fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuels, and in a wide variety of industrial metallurgical processes. It is also a component of acid rain. Its chemical formula is HNO3 and it has been known as â€Å"aqua fortis†, which means strong water, to alchemists. We will write a custom essay sample on Nitric Acid or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a transparent, colorless to yellowish, fuming corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong acid and therefore it completely dissociates in water. It has a gravity of 1. 41 and the concentration of the hydronium ions(1) yields a pH of 0. . Its boiling point is 122C and its melting point is -42C. It was first mentioned by Pseuso-Geber, a European alchemist born in the 13th century. Described by Albert the Great in the 13th century and named by Ramon Lull, who prepared it and called it â€Å"eau forte† (aqua fortis). There were people saying that it was discovered by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac or Johann Rudolf, but nobody knows who really did discover that. As it is a intoxicating, oxidizing acid, it reacts most with metals, but does not react with pure gold. However, noble metals could be oxidized and dissolved by nitric acid which leads to colour changes of gold-alloy surface. So nitric acid is used in jewelry shops to spot low-gold alloys ( 14 carats(2)) and to asses the gold purity. Nitric acid also reacts powerfully with most of the organic material, which may also explode. It reacts with non-metallic elements except for nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases, silicon and halogens. It oxides them to their highest oxidation states(3) as acids with the formation of nitrogen dioxide for concentrated acid and nitric oxide for dilute acid. Chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) dissolve in dilute nitric acid, which the concentrated acid forms a metal oxide layer that protects the metal from further oxidation, and it is called passivation. Nitric acid can be made in laboratory or industrially. In laboratory, nitric acid can be made from copper(II) nitrate or by reacting approximately equal masses of a nitrate salt with 96% sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and distilling this mixture at nitric acid’s boiling point of 83  °C until only a white crystalline mass, a metal sulfate, remains. Then, the red fuming itric acid obtained may be converted to the white nitric acid, which the equation is H2SO4 + NO? 3 HSO? 4(s) + HNO3(g). In view of the fact that it is a really violent and strong acid, people make this acid for many different uses. It can be used in various forms as the oxidizer in liquid-fueled rockets. The forms include red fuming nitric acid and white fuming nitric acid. Red fuming nitric acid, known as RFNA, i s a oxidizer used as a rocket propellant, which can be stored very long. It consists mainly of nitric acid, but also contains 13% of dinitrogen tetroxide(4) and 3% of water. It breaks down to a certain degree to form nitrogen dioxide. The white fuming nitric acid, known as WFNA, does not contain free dinitrogen tetroxide. It consists of pure nitric acid with 2% of water and less than 0. 5% of dissolved nitrogen dioxide. If the forms are mixed with sulfuric acid, it forms with the HF inhibitor. Nitric acid can also be used in some woodwork. In a low concentration (10% of nitric acid in water), it is sometimes used to artificially make pines and maple look older. It produces a grey-gold, old looking wood colour on wood. By looking at the usage of nitric acid, we can see that, this kind of acid has a great impact to the society and the global economy. As it is not quite expensive, and you can make it in laboratories, there were many incidents where people throw glasses containers holding nitric acid on crowed streets. Many people got hurt, the nitric acid burnt through their clothes and burn them. Concentrated nitric acid makes human skin yellow, because of a reaction with keratin(5). The keratin is the key structural material making up the outer layer of the human skin, and it is also a structural component of hair and nails. It will turn orange when neutralized. However, this acid has many usages and also helps us a lot. It helps the astronauts to fly to space where nitric acid is used in rocket fuels. It also helps us decorate our places with artificial old wood furniture. This acid creates more job opportunities in the job market as the companies need people to work for it. Nitric acid is extremely hazardous and corrosive, and mostly, a poison. Inhaling will cause you breathing problems and lead to pneumonia and pulmonary edema, which may be fatal. Other symptoms may include choking, coughing, irritation of both nose and throat, and also respiratory tract. Ingesting it can cause sudden burn or pain in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract. It can also cause skin burns if there is any skin contact. Concentrated solutions can cause deep ulcers and stain skin a yellow or yellow-brown colour. If it gets into the eye, it is even worse, as it is corrosive, the vapors are irritating and will cause damage to the eyes including burns and permanent eye damage. Long-term exposure to concentrated vapors may cause erosion of teeth and lung damage. Long-term exposures seldom occur due to the corrosive properties of the acid. People with pre-existing skin disorders, eye disease, or cardiopulmonary diseases must be susceptible to the effects of this substance. There are rules to follow when using the nitric acid. If people don’t follow it, it will be very dangerous to use it. Acid rain is a form of precipitation which contains a high level of sulfuric and nitric acids. It has a pH of approximately 5. 5-5. 6. It is produced when sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides combine together with atmospheric moisture. Acid rain can contaminate drinking water, damage the plants and aquatic life. It also erode buildings and monuments. If the plants are damaged, people won’t be abled to see the green things again and will also affect our eye-sight. And we won’t have vegetables to eat after acid rain because acid may cause many harmful effects to our body. If we still eat the vegetables, then we be sick. The government had made an effort to reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide released, but it can be produced naturally by volcanic eruptions. Nitrogen oxide can be produced by lightning strikes. Acid rain had became a political issue in 1980s, where Canada claimed that pollutants from the US were contaminating the forests and waters, so power plants were asked to reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide released. Although there are harmful effects of nitric acid, people still keep on producing nitric acid. They only reduced producing them, still shows that there are still benefits of this acid! How to cite Nitric Acid, Essay examples Nitric Acid Free Essays Copper + Nitric Acid Copper is a reddish-brown metal, widely used in plumbing and electrical wiring; it is perhaps most familiar to people in the United States in the form of the penny. (Although since 1983, pennies are actually made of zinc surrounded by a paper-thin copper foil to give them the traditional appearance of pennies. ) Copper is oxidized by concentrated nitric acid, HNO3, to produce Cu2+ ions; the nitric acid is reduced to nitrogen dioxide, a poisonous brown gas with an irritating odor: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) —— Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) When the copper is first oxidized, the solution is very concentrated, and the Cu2+ product is initially coordinated to nitrate ions from the nitric acid, giving the solution first a green, and then a greenish-brownish color. We will write a custom essay sample on Nitric Acid or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the solution is diluted with water, water molecules displace the nitrate ions in the coordinate sites around the copper ions, causing the solution to change to a blue color. In dilute nitric acid, the reaction produces nitric oxide, NO, instead: 3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) —— 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l) In the following demonstration, a balled-up piece of thin copper wire is added to about 100 mL of concentrated nitric acid; once the copper is added the evolution of nitrogen dioxide occurs quickly. Once all of the copper has reacted, the solution is diluted with distilled water, changing the solution from a dark brown to a pale blue color. This demonstration can be done with copper in the form of shot, pellets, thicker wire, or bars, but is a great deal slower than with copper wire. Video Clip: REAL, 7. 02 MB [pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | A Historical Sidelight: Ira Remsen on Copper and Nitric Acid Ira Remsen (1846-1927) founded the chemistry department at Johns Hopkins University, and founded one of the first centers for chemical research in the United States; saccharin was discovered in his research lab in 1879. Like many chemists, he had a vivid â€Å"learning experience,† which led to a heightened interest in laboratory work: While reading a textbook of chemistry I came upon the statement, â€Å"nitric acid acts upon copper. † I was getting tired of reading such absurd stuff and I was determined to see what this meant. Copper was more or less familiar to me, for copper cents were then in use. I had seen a bottle marked nitric acid on a table in the doctor’s office where I was then â€Å"doing time. † I did not know its peculiarities, but the spirit of adventure was upon me. Having nitric acid and copper, I had only to learn what the words â€Å"act upon† meant. The statement â€Å"nitric acid acts upon copper† would be something more than mere words. All was still. In the interest of knowledge I was even willing to sacrifice one of the few copper cents then in my possession. I put one of them on the table, opened the bottle marked nitric acid, poured some of the liquid on the copper and prepared to make an observation. But what was this wonderful thing which I beheld? The cent was already changed and it was no small change either. A green-blue liquid foamed and fumed over the cent and over the table. The air in the neighborhood of the performance became colored dark red. A great colored cloud arose. This was disagreeable and suffocating. How should I stop this? I tried to get rid of the objectionable mess by picking it up and throwing it out of the window. I learned another fact. Nitric acid not only acts upon copper, but it acts upon fingers. The pain led to another unpremeditated experiment. I drew my fingers across my trousers and another fact was discovered. Nitric acid acts upon trousers. Taking everything into consideration, that was the most impressive experiment and relatively probably the most costly experiment I have ever performed. . . . It was a revelation to me. It resulted in a desire on my part to learn more about that remarkable kind of action. Plainly, the only way to learn about it was to see its results, to experiment, to work in a laboratory. from F. H. Getman, â€Å"The Life of Ira Remsen†; Journal of Chemical Education: Easton, Pennsylvania, 1940; pp 9-10; quoted in Richard W. Ramette, â€Å"Exocharmic Reactions† in Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 1. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983, p. xiv: !!! Hazards !!! Nitric acid is extremely corrosive. Handle with care. The nitrogen dioxide produced in this reaction is poisonous. This reaction must be done in a fume hood! How to cite Nitric Acid, Essay examples

My first love free essay sample

My first love began six years ago, when I was only fourteen, I was very young with no experience with boys. I thought that there was no heart break in this world, until I met him. His brown caramel eyes, shady dark brown hair, pink color skin it was breathtaking. That first moment when at tutoring class we saw each other he was making his way to the seat in back of mine and while approaching he was smiling at me, made my heart skipped a beat. It took me months to talk to him; we became best friends nothing what I wanted, his life and his thoughts were mine, he was my world and he even had a clue i kept it secret. Everyone said that we had something between us and i was happy that people could imagined that. He always make me laugh without noticing how deeply in love i was falling. We will write a custom essay sample on My first love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One day he invited me over to his house to watch movies, he chose the movie â€Å"The Notebook†, surprised because he chose a romantic movie and I thought â€Å"it mean something, he liked me†. Minutes after the movie finishing, i went to his lips kissed him and suddenly he stopped me and told me that he didnt liked me that way in that moment I felt stupid and heart broken. I ran away, went home and cried for days. He broke my heart. Years passed, I never heard from him my best friend told me he left the city. I promised myself that i would never drop another tear for him and because of that my feelings almost vanished along with him but there were still memories haunting me for being stupid. His name is now engraved in my soul, he is part of who i am now. He made me cry but he also made me strong.