The Pakistani Stock Market and its Analysis

The Pakistani Stock Market and its Analysis In this report we will be giving a diagram of the Pakistani Stock Market with explicit accentuation on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). The historical backdrop of the Stock Market will be given, alongside an examination on the significant spikes in the market and the purposes behind these spikes. The significant segments adding to the Stock Exchange Market are likewise featured in this report. In addition, the Stock Markets job in the development of the economy alongside showcase pointers will likewise be examined. The Last target that we will cover in our report is recognize the variables which influence the exhibition of the Stock Market. The time period that this report will cover will be between January 2001 and December 2009. Diagram The Pakistan securities exchange has three significant postings: Customary Days Timings: Pre-showcase meetings from 09:15am to 09:30am and ordinary exchanging meetings from 09:30am to 03:30pm. The Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) The Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) The Islamabad Stock Exchange. (ISE) The ISE was joined as an assurance constrained Company on 25th October, 1989 and turned out to be completely operational on August 10, 1992. In 1997 ISE it presented a robotized exchanging framework (ISECTS) and later transformed it to ULTRA TRADING framework in 2002. By and by ISEs turnover has arrived at 1 million offers for each day and has 118 members.â [1]â Another stock trade in the Pakistan securities exchange is the LSE, which is the primary mechanized stock trade of Pakistan, is additionally the second biggest stock trade of Pakistan. It was built up in October 1970 and right now has 519 recorded organizations from 37 parts of the economy. The absolute market capitalization is roughly Rs 2746.325 billion.â [2]â The last stock trade in Pakistan is the KSE, which is the biggest stock trade in Pakistan and was built up on September 18 1947 and was joined on March 10, 1949 so as to keep up the communication between the loan specialists of capital, for example, savers and financial specialists and borrowers of capital, for example, government and organizations. As people had abundance measure of money and were seeing choices to acquire cash and keeping in mind that organizations were looking for financial specialists who might put resources into there firm to build capital. Karachi Stock trade furnished them with a stage to permit the business to happen between them with benefits being delighted in by both the gatherings. The stock trade began with 5 organizations with a settled up capital of 37 million. Exchanging use to occurred through the open out cry framework on pits on the exchanging floors. The primary record presented by Karachi Stock Exchange was the KSE 50 file. In 1991 outside financ ial specialists were given the chance of working in the optional capital market and furthermore because of the privatization strategy in Pakistan the advancement of the Karachi Stock Exchange quickened. The KSE 50 list was evacuated as it was not really speaking to the financial exchanges execution accordingly in 1991 the capital weighted KSE 100 record was propelled. It began exchanging through the electronic exchanging framework Karachi Automated Trading System (KATS) since 1997. In 2005 internet exchanging was additionally acquainted making it all the more simple with use for speculators. Enrollment of KSE is fixed and constrained to 200 individuals, which can incorporate individual, corporate and outside substances. Forthcoming individuals need to purchase enrollment from existing individuals and the cost is debatable between the purchasers and sellersâ [3]â . The most prevailing parts in the Pakistani market are the Oil and Gas investigation and dissemination organizations, for example, OGDC, POL, PPL, and PSO. Compost fabricating firms are likewise significant organizations in the market. These would incorporate ENGRO and FFCG. Besides, different divisions which make up a significant lump of the securities exchange are media communications (PTCL), power age (HUBCO) and business banking area (NBP, Standard Chartered and MCB)Â [4]Â . KSE has a complete posting of 650 organizations starting at 2010, with an all out market capitalization of Rs 2,890 billion toward the finish of March 2010. Right now the stock trade exchanges on 4 records of which two are world known files which are KSE 100, KSE All Share Index and the other two are KMI 30 and KSE 30. KSE, being the main stock trade in Pakistan exchanges common offers, inclination shares, redeemable endorsements and term-money testaments, for example, corporate securities, and since 2003, prospects exchanging some dynamic stocks likewise began. KSE additionally needs to have wide based financial specialist support. This would help in managing them all the more effectively and would build the productivity of the stock trade. It needs to turn into a Hub for capital finances this would be finished by expanding the buoy of existing exchange organizations. It likewise needs to present cross-fringe posting of organizations and the exchanging of records would likewise occur through cross-outskirt posting. Market Indicators: There are three pointers that show how well the economy is getting along by and by or will do later on. Speculators utilize these pointers to settle on their venture choices. These three markers are: Driving Indicators: These demonstrate future occasions and the Stock Market is a piece of this. They are suspicions into what's to come. The Stock Market is a main marker in light of the fact that the securities exchange for the most part starts to fall before the economy begins to fall, and the Stock Market turns out to be better before the economy comes out of a downturn. These pointers are significant for financial specialists since they anticipate what the economy will resemble later on and in this manner impact speculation choices. Anyway they are just transient indicators of the economy. Slacking Indicators: This pointer is one that follows an occasion. The most significant slacking pointer is joblessness. It can check whether an example is happening or going to happen. On the off chance that the joblessness rate is expanding consistently, at that point this shows the economy is doing ineffectively. Correspondent Indicators: This pointer happens at roughly a similar time as the conditions they signify. They change simultaneously as the economy or the securities exchange. Individual salary is a correspondent pointer; high close to home livelihoods show a solid economy. Gross domestic product is likewise an incidental marker. Influences of KSE on the economy: One of the primary objectives of KSE is to reflect Pakistans monetary wellbeing by giving a productive, reasonable and straightforward Securities Market. In this manner KSE assumes a main job in the development and improvement of Pakistan. The GDP and the segments which add to ascertaining the GDP show that when they are of positive worth, the GDP will be acceptable. These parts might be certain when the individuals are devouring and additionally sparing, whenever there are venture openings and so forth this mirrors the KSEs usefulness. In the event that KSE is working in a decent condition, stock exchanging is been done in numbers, at that point utilization and interest in Pakistan is expanding. Hence, we can say that it is the KSE that upgrades and pushes up the exercises of Pakistans economy. It is through KSE that many significant organizations have prevailing with regards to venturing to every part of the long excursion to progress. Through this Market (KSE) organizations issue stock to fund-raise so as to back extensions and furthermore, when there is a need of extra capital so as to work effectively. The basic term for such financing is Equity Financing. How does this all influence the economy at that point? It is through these stock issues by organizations and organizations that offer speculators a chance to put resources into a moderate hazard instrument. At the point when organizations will give stock so as to extend its activity and financial specialists will purchase stock; it will naturally give a blast to the economy through making work openings in a nation through which creation and utilization in the economy increments. The joblessness rate for Pakistan, which is consistently declining. One factor adding to this decay is the Stock Exchange.â [5]â The cash which could have been lying inactive in the sparing records or out of gear stores with the bank is presently being contributed to advance business movement. It is likewise profiting a few monetary factors, for example, trade, industry and agribusiness. Individuals who used to set aside cash as a result of absence of speculation opportunity currently are putting that cash in securities exchanges. KSE being the most elevated citizen in Pakistan contributes an enormous aggregate of cash in the economy where the recorded organizations likewise contribute 10 percent of all out income gathered by the Government. Indeed, even the KSE merchants contribute around 50 percent of their benefits by paying charges on them. Finally the speculators who additionally deliver 10 percent of their profits as expenses. This cash goes to the administration who further puts it in the economy. KSE likewise gives chances to speculations to the little speculators. Those speculators, who either love to be a proprietor of the organization or remain at home or acquire benefits, get profited by putting resources into Stocks. Any one whether large or little stock financial specialist can put resources into KSE. In short KSE gives the little financial specialists to possess supply of indistinguishable firms from enormous speculators. As far as offer costs and their interest and gracefully all securities exchanges are fluctuating markets. Offer costs will in general ascent or stay stable when the economy is either becoming or is steady. Furthermore, when an economy is experiencing tough situations like despondency, downturn or budgetary emergency the financial exchange will in general accident down. Through vacillation of KSE stock costs we can say that the market assumes an essential job in the development and destruction of Pakistans economy. With the development of KSE, it has pulled in numerous remote financial specialists who have been putting a lot of cash in Pakistans securities exchanges and particularly Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). This has given a blast to the economy in the good 'ol days when outside venture was begun in Pakistan. Alongside the components referenced above there are different variables that influences the KSE

The Tragic Hero free essay sample

The dramatist William Shakespeare uncovers a disastrous legend in his most prominent disaster Hamlet. This saint is the youthful sovereign Hamlet. He satisfies all of Aristotle’s prerequisites for a lamentable legend. Three key occasions in the play exhibit these necessities: First, when Hamlet doesn't kill Claudius at his first open door in the wake of being asked by his father’s apparition, Secondly, his encounter with Ophelia in regards to her restoring his endowments, and in conclusion his response to Claudius’s plot against his life when he presumes that Hamlet has found that he was the killer. Hamlet has puts stock in his own opportunity, a preeminent pride, a limit with regards to anguish, and a feeling of duty. He additionally enthusiastically fights his circumstance, experiences a transfiguration, and finds a more profound comprehension of the human condition. Consequently, Hamlet is an appalling saint. Hamlet has a faith in his own opportunity. He has the fearlessness to settle on a choice and to acknowledge the results of that choice. At the point when the apparition of King Hamlet begs his child to look for vengeance upon Claudius, â€Å"So thou workmanship to vindicate, when thou shalt hear. † (I, v), he does. In any case, the mindful and intelligent Hamlet hangs tight for evidence of Claudius killing King Hamlet before settling on his choice, There is a play this evening before the King. One scene draws close to the situation which I have told thee, of my father’s demise. I prithee, when thou seest that demonstration forthcoming, even with the very remark of the spirit watch my uncle. On the off chance that his occulted blame don't inkennel in one discourse it is a doomed apparition that we have seen. (III. ii) Once Hamlet chooses the phantom is genuine and honest, he proceeds with retribution. He has confidence in his decision and in what he was doing, despite the fact that he realizes that there is the danger of passing on all the while. Hamlet dodges practically unavoidable passing more than once in attempting to satisfy his undertaking. The revelation of Hamlet’s enormous pride is in occasions of the play and as a part of his character characteristics. He is inclined to attacks of energy and indiscreet activity. Hamlet additionally maddens rapidly. In act three when Hamlet sights Ophelia, who reveals to him that she wishes to restore the knickknacks of adoration he has given her. Hamlet indignantly denies having given her anything; working himself into a crazy fury, Hamlet censures Ophelia, ladies, and humankind when all is said in done. Hamlet’s discussion with Ophelia embodies his pride, his falsification of franticness gives him the freedom to state, think, and do what he loves with no social hindrances. In this scene, he is by all accounts cleared away by that freedom into a sort of blinding, edgy outrage. Just a man loaded up proudly would have the nerve to counterfeit craziness to convey his sentiments. The character Hamlet has a limit with regards to misery. He loses everything, his dad, his sweetheart Ophelia, as it were his mom and his life for his motivation. Hamlet endures in light of the fact that he constantly puts off his errand, therefore risking himself. Hamlet grapples with himself about killing Claudius; he needs to deliver retribution and feels supported in doing it, yet some way or another discovers reasons not to. Whenever the open door introduces itself, Hamlet rationalizes like not having the option to do it while Claudius is supplicating in light of the fact that then Claudius will go to paradise, Now may I do it pat, presently ‘a is an asking, and now I’ll do’t. Thus ‘a goes to paradise, as am I vindicated. That would be filtered. A scalawag executes my dad, and for that I, his soles child, do this equivalent reprobate send to paradise. (III, iii) What Hamlet doesn't understand is that in the event that he had killed Claudius, it would have been proper vengeance since Claudius couldn't supplicate. Hamlet has the quality and fortitude to proceed in his journey regardless of realizing that his companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have deceived him and that his stepfather needs him dead. In this manner, he demonstrates that he has a limit with respect to torment. Hamlet is focused on killing Claudius, when he at long last decides it remains as such. Hamlet commits himself to seeing the goals of the circumstance. This is obvious when he comes back from England paying little mind to realizing that there is a plot against his life. In the event that he were not given to holding his promise to his dad, he would have remained in England. Nobody without a reason would come back to a spot were they were probably going to bite the dust. â€Å"The terrible legend objects with eagerness, rationale, and agony against the circumstance in which he gets himself. † While plotting his vengeance, Hamlet encounters all of previously mentioned. For example, Hamlet is intelligent when he sees Claudius imploring. He doesn't murder Claudius since he feels it would be a wrong vengeance. Some other time when these attributes are obvious is the point at which he finds that the ruler intends to have him executed in England. He cunningly modifies the letter and requests Rosencratz and Guildenstern’s execution rather, â€Å"Folded the writ up as th’ other, bought in it, gave’t th’ impression, set it securely, the changeling never known. † (V. ii) This move was quick, Hamlet kept away from sure passing. Hamlet shows intensity by driving his old companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s execution, rationale by thinking about the outcomes of his planning of the homicide, and torment in having the option to send others to death and to submit murder himself. It shows that he manages the circumstance intensely, coherently, and with torment. Hamlet’s enduring makes him change, create, and to increase a more noteworthy comprehension of the human condition. From the start Hamlet is extremely reluctant about his retribution, he doesn't slaughter Claudius in the congregation and ensures he is liable by having him see â€Å"The Mousetrap† in which the occasions of King Hamlet’s murder are re-ordered. At long last, Hamlet changes and quickly gets his payback. Hamlet is mellowed by his encounters despite the fact that he turns into a killer and â€Å"he ascends from the debris load an astute and increasingly human person. This is seen when he discloses to Horatio that he has no compassion toward Rosencrantz and Guildenstern who made love to this employment†, however that he feels frustrated about having carried on with such threatening vibe toward Laertes. Hamlet killed Laertes father while he was spying, he thought he was murdering Claudius. In Laertess want to vindicate his dads demise, he says, he sees the perfect representation of his own, and he vows to court Laertess great kindness. In having the option to see others sees, Hamlet increases viewpoint and thus is savvier and progressively empathetic; in this manner, experiencing a transfiguration and understanding the human condition better. Aristotle’s capabilities for being a disastrous legend are in the character of Hamlet in Shakespeare’s extraordinary play of a similar name. Hamlet keeps up a confidence in his opportunity, pride, has the limit with respect to torment, and duty to his motivation. He additionally fights his circumstance, experiences a transfiguration, and comprehends the human condition better. Hamlet once a youthful Prince in adoration turns into an awful legend.

Christina Royce Analyzing Re-entry Systems

Christina Royce Analyzing Re-entry Systems To manufacture the silicon chips that run your computer, silicon wafers must undergo repeated cycles of deposition, patterning, implantation of impurities, and heat treatments (1). Thus, the same piece of silicon must be processed using the same set of machinery several times. This type of manufacturing system is called a re-entry system, where a silicon wafer re-enters the system with a higher priority each time it is processed. Christina Royce, a senior double majoring in Mechanical Engineering, with a concentration in Manufacturing through the 2A program, and Economics, is doing her senior thesis project on re-entry systems through the Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity (LMP). Her thesis advisor is Dr. Stanley Gershwin, who literally wrote the book on manufacturing systems engineering and is the associate director of the LMP. To analyze these systems, Christina is developing computer simulations which will eventually be compared to mathematical approximations which were developed by applying observations to fundamental theories. Her simulations receive input regarding process flow, equipment availabilities, and process times, and use it to calculate the probability that a certain machine will be working on a given part and the final output volume. These calculations are not a trivial matter considering the huge number of machines that are used to simultaneously process millions of parts in a given factory. Christinas research has several important real-world applications. For example, semiconductor manufactures are always looking to improve their process technology to create the next generation of smaller, and therefore more efficient and economical, chips. Intel just came out with the first 45 nm static random access memory (SRAM) chip, which will allow them to fit twice as many transistors in a given area (2). It would be economically infeasible for Intel to scrap all of their existing machinery, which is designed to make 65 nm chips, in favor of manufacturing the newer SRAM chip. Hence, its important to have flexible manufacturing systems that have the ability to apply different processes to a wide variety of parts, so companies can save a significant amount of time and resources. Also, by using simulations like the ones that Christina is developing, Intel can identify bottlenecks and increase their production. This is Christinas first faculty-supervised UROP. As a freshman, she participated in Terrascope, where students apply core science knowledge to solve complex, real-world problems that relate to Earth systems. As part of the program, she traveled to the Amazon and became interested in issues related to refugee camps. After returning from the trip, she and a group of three other students decided to continue the research that they began in Terrascope. So, in the fall of their sophomore year, they began the project by finding an advisor, monetary support, and a group of 20 students. They worked together to create a 60-page booklet with information about the current state of refugee camps, along with areas for improvement and future research. She describes it as a very challenging but rewarding experience. Next year, Christina will be working at General Electric! They have a manufacturing division, but her first 6-month rotation will be in energy-related research. We wish her the best of luck =) 1. http://www.bell-labs.com/org/physicalsciences/projects/silicon/silicon.html 2. http://intel.com/technology/silicon/new_45nm_silicon.htm Picture from http://www.absolutestockphoto.com/albums/userpics/10012/normal_Absolute_12_5416.jpg

ESL Movies Descriptive Adjectives Lesson

The Life of Steven Paul Jobs Essay - 1137 Words

Joanne Schieble and Abdulfattah Jandali were unwed parents of a little boy born on February 24th, 1955. They made a life-changing decision to put that baby up for adoption. One of the candidates for adoption was Paul and Clara Jobs. Joanne and Adbulfattah wanted their son to be able to get a college education and a good paying job. Paul and Clara was a lower-middle class couple. The child’s biological parents were reluctant to allow the Jobs to adopt him, but in the end, they allowed it. The Jobs moved to Mountain View a couple years after adopting the little boy that they had ended up naming Steven Paul Jobs. Steve Jobs grew up in a low-middle class neighborhood with engineers working on a bunch of electronics and multiple gizmos in†¦show more content†¦Woz’s mental notes from the meetings he attended, as well as his talent with technology, allowed him to build a personal computer board. Jobs took interest in his friend’s invention and thought abo ut the idea of selling it to software hobbyists. Software hobbyists wanted to write their own software without having to deal with assembling their computer kit. This led to the invention of the first Apple computer on April 1st, 1976. Steve and Woz began assembling computer boards for the Apple I computer in Steve’s parents garage and also sold them to independent computer dealers nearby. Woz had already began operations for the next bigger, better computer – the Apple II. The Apple II was an expandable, more powerful system that would support graphics of color. These young men knew deep down that these computers could be very successful, so Jobs started searching for venture capital. He came to convince former Intel executive Mike Markkula to invest $250,000 into his and Woz’s company. 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European Union Dissertation Topics Integration, History, Framework Law Free Essays

1. Introduction This guide is designed to give suggestions and insights about possible topics related to the study of the European Union (EU). In general, the study of the EU can be separated in several areas – history, theory, economic integration, enlargement, law, policies, institutional framework and foreign relations. We will write a custom essay sample on European Union Dissertation Topics: Integration, History, Framework Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now This short guide has attempted to cover subjects of all of these areas, and to provide interesting and challenging titles for undergraduate as well as postgraduate students. In general, dissertation for EU studies can combine a variety of research methods, and the format may vary according to the research aims of your paper. A combination of primary and secondary sources is possible as well, which depends on the choice of your topic and your methodology. 2. Categories and suggested topics 2. 1 History of European Integration 2.1.1The Maastricht Treaty and the new challenges for the third pillar of the EU 2.1.2EU scepticism in Britain and its impact on EU integration 2.1.3The completion of the Single European Market – Who Won and Who Lost(the student can choose a country, or a group of countries to use as case study throughout the dissertation). 2.1.4 The Treaty of Lisbon and the new dimensions of EU institutional reform 2.2 Theories of European Integration 2.2.2 Intergovernmentalism versus federalism: the future of the EU as a regional policy-maker 2.2.3 Europeanization, European identity and its parameters: a comparative study of Greece and Portugal (or any other two countries, does not have to be a comparative study necessarily) 2.3 EU institutional framework 2.3.1 Battling the EU democratic deficit: Parliamentarization of the EU institutional framework 2.3.2 Voting and decision-making reforms of the Council of Ministers: Implications for the European foreign policy (or any other policy, for example the CAP, CFP) 2.3.3 The European Commission: problems of accountability and legitimacy 2.4 EU Policy-making 2.4.1 EU and contemporary challenges to environmental sustainability (here you can choose nuclear weapons or global warming) 2.4.2 Italian Migration in the European Economic Community and its domestic impact 2.4.3 The Reform of the CAP and the Single Farmers Scheme: Neo-liberalism re-examined 2.4.4 Common Fisheries Policy and the Problem of Conservation 2.4.5 The role of women in EU politics – a closer look at the institutions (explore how the EU institutional framework allows or discourages the participation of women). 2.5 EU Enlargement 2.5.1 The EU enlargement and the prospects of EU economic future – the German perspective (or any other country’s perspective, France and the UK would be interesting) 2.5.2 The impact of Turkey’s membership on the EU institutions 2.5.3 The Eastern Enlargement and EU immigration policy – the case of Romania and Bulgaria 2.5.4 Croatia in the EU: the political implications 2.6 EC law 2.6.1 National legislation versus EEC legislation – the transformation of EU law after the Van Gend End Loos case (or Costa versus ENEL) 2.7.2 The Factorame case and the issue of UK sovereignty 2.7 EU economic integration 2.7.1 European economic integration and its implications for the modern welfare state 2.7.2 The Greek Challenge for European Economic integration 2.7.3 The Eurozone – politically or economically challenged? 2.8 EU in international relations 2.8.1 The European Union in the post Cold War era: a transition to Common Foreign and Security Policy 2.8.2 The EU as a peace-maker: the EU intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2.8.3 The Lisbon Treaty and is implications for EU foreign policy 2.8.4 Divergent concepts of power: comparison between EU and NATO’s stance in foreign affairs (the student can choose a particular conflict or issue, where both organizations have been involved). How to Structure an EU Dissertation For details on how to structure an EU dissertation, kindly check out the following posts: How to Structure a dissertation (chapters) How to structure a dissertation (chapters and subchapters) How to structure a dissertation research proposal How to cite European Union Dissertation Topics: Integration, History, Framework Law, Essays

Wireless Electronics Notice Board free essay sample

This study is meant to discover the reasons behind the ineffective crisis management responses through the inspection of past corporate case studies in crisis management, as well as what can be done to help corporations use crisis management more effectively. The best practices in effective corporate crisis management in the three different stages of a crisis were attained through the utilization of case studies and expert opinions. Introduction Statement of the Problem This study focuses on corporate crisis management and how current strategies are falling short in creating effectively managed crises. â€Å"Contemporary crisis management, in short, is often little more than ‘rolling with the punches’ and hoping for the best†(Nudell Antokol, 1988, p. 18). From the Exxon Valdez Oil Tanker Spill in 1989 to the BP Oil Spill in 2010, it is clear that for years corporations have been ineffective in managing crises, and thus need a list of best practices in order to be able to successfully manage any crisis scenario a corporation may encounter. We will write a custom essay sample on Wireless Electronics Notice Board or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Background of the Problem In the current crisis management literature, most case studies on corporate crises include only a couple of examples in which the corporation handled the crisis management response effectively in the last decade. There is existing literature on crisis management, but most of it is scattered and does not directly pertain to corporations, nor is it current. Since so many corporations are dealing with devastating crises yearly, it is important to conduct research on the best practices used by professionals in the crisis management fields by collecting expert opinions on the topic of crisis management. Purpose of the Study Examples between 2008-2010, like the US economic crisis of 2008 and the BP oil rig spill in 2010, prove that â€Å"clearly, we continue to experience devastating crises of all types and, as a result, the current need for effective crisis communication understanding and skills continues to grow† (Ulmer, Sellnow, and Seeger, 2011, p. 3). Through collection of current literature and expert opinions, hopefully corporations can have a better layout as how to best manage an impending crisis, current crisis, or the aftermath of a crisis. By researching the current best practices in crisis management and analyzing them along side expert opinions from the industry, it will benefit corporations and crisis management professionals who are in charge of managing and finding solutions to crisis situations. It can also prevent corporations from losing everything if a crisis hits, because â€Å"planning to manage crises and issues is the key to corporate survival† (Regester Larkin, 2008, p. 206). Setting for the Study This study is done as part of the completion of a Senior Project at California Polytechnic State University, which is located in San Luis Obispo, California. The data will be collected through administering interviews with three experts in the fields of corporate crisis management, emergency management, and crisis communications. The experts will be interviewed individually with a questionnaire that was designed to probe deeper in order to answer the research questions and discover the inconsistencies in the current literature on the topic of effective corporate crisis management. Research Questions: This study will use the following research questions to answer the unknowns in the existing literature on the topic of crisis management. These questions were developed after discovering the gaps in the current crisis management literature, and in hopes of gathering further information from experts in the fields of corporate crisis management, emergency management, and crisis communications. 1. How have corporations used crisis management in the past to deal with crises? 2. What is considered effective crisis management? a. What role does a leader play in effective crisis management? 3. What are the best practices in effective crisis management for anticipating the crisis? 4. What are the best practices in effective crisis management for addressing the crisis? 5. What are the best practices in effective crisis management for dealing with the aftermath of the crisis? Definition of Terms The following terms are defined to help the reader understand the jargon of the topic and provide background for the study.